![]() There are also complex carbohydrates, commonly known as "starches." A complex carbohydrate is made up of chains of glucose molecules. When you look at a "Nutrition Facts" label on a food package and see "Sugars" under the "Carbohydrates" section of the label, these simple sugars are what the label is talking about. They all digest quickly and enter the bloodstream quickly. They are also sugars - they all taste sweet. Monosaccharides and disaccharides are called simple carbohydrates. Lactose, sucrose and maltose are disaccharides (they contain two monosaccharides) and are easily converted to their monosaccharide bases by enzymes in the digestive tract. Glucose, fructose and galactose are monosaccharides and are the only carbohydrates that can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal lining. Maltose, the sugar found in malt, is made from two glucose atoms bonded together. The liver also converts galactose to glucose. Galactose, like fructose, has the same chemical components as glucose but the atoms are arranged differently. Lactose (the sugar found in milk) is made of one glucose and one galactose molecule bonded together. Sucrose, also known as "white sugar" or "table sugar," is made of one glucose and one fructose molecule bonded together. Fructose has the same chemical formula as glucose (C 6H 12O 6), but the atoms are arranged slightly differently. There are other simple sugars that you have probably heard of. Glucose is a simple sugar, meaning that to our tongues it tastes sweet. ![]() You can see that glucose is made of six carbon atoms (carbo.) and the elements of six water molecules (.hydrate). The word "carbohydrate" comes from the fact that glucose is made up of carbon and water.
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